Sunday, January 3, 2016

AV#86 - The School Improvement Grant to DPS and Pueblo City 60

August 23, 2012

One last swing – before another $10 million is misspent?
The School Improvement Grant to DPS and Pueblo City 60

A number of us have asked if the three-year federal grant of over $37 million to help turn around over a dozen Colorado schools has proved effective.  After year one (2010-11) there was evidence of improvement in only a few schools—most notably, nice results for little Haskin Elementary in Center School District 26 JY.  Those defending the SIG effort reminded us how late the grants were announced and made available, how little time the schools had to restructure or tackle the big changes that first year, and how we invariably see an “implementation dip” when schools undergo fundamental change, etc. etc.  

pp. 3-4 - Breakdown of $25 million SIG funds awarded to 12 DPS and Pueblo City schools
pp. 4-9 -  DPS- 6 SIG Schools-                          Academic Growth
pp. 9- 16 - DPS- 6 SIG Schools-                          Academic Achievement
pp. 17-18 - Pueblo City 60 – 5 SIG Schools - Academic Growth

With the results of the 2012 state tests in, we ask the same question—Is this program effective?—with more urgency.  Over $20 million has now been directed at these schools in years one and two.  Tell us:

·         Are the funds making a difference in the academic achievement at these schools, especially in the two districts most heavily involved in this grant: DPS and Pueblo City 60? 

·         If not, will the state and the districts still hand out the last third of the $37 million—well over $10 million in 2012-13? 

Two other questions:

·         What have Colorado school leaders and educators learned about turning around low-performing schools from this experience and what will we do differently—if anything—in the next few years?

·         To be more specific: as Colorado received another $7.5 in federal funds in June 2011 “to increase academic achievement” in a new group of “chronically low-performing schools," what has CDE learned so that it manages this second round differently than it did the first round? 

I do not want to read one more school official, thank you very much, put accountability and transparency in the same sentence.  Enough with the reassuring words: don’t say it; do it!  We simply want people overseeing this effort to square with us about what is and is not working—and to halt efforts where we now have even more reason to say the results to date are entirely unsatisfactory.

A look back—and a final swing after two strikes

I have followed the 2010 federal School Improvement Grant of $37 million to Colorado for two years.  The purpose, to raise the academic performance in the state’s lowest, is laudable.  But I considered it a potential tragedy when I first did a report for the Donnell-Kay Foundation in the fall of 2010 and saw how the grants were determined.  I feared it had become a misuse of taxpayer money when I summarized the year one CSAP results at the SIG schools in my newsletter in August, Another View #81 – “$37 million to Colorado for Turnaround Schools-How’s That Going?”, as well as in the Background report I worked on for A Plus Denver, “Turning around low-achieving schools in Colorado” (published in October 2011). 

Some might ask: Should we rethink this effort sooner rather than later?  Should we proceed to spend year two money much as it was the first year?  One assumes there are even leaders willing to say: For $10 million, shouldn’t we expect better results?
Another View #81, Aug. 5, 2011

Here is one last futile swing, perhaps, before another $10 million gets thrown away—I’m sorry, I mean distributed—to two districts and 10 schools where we see so little evidence of academic improvement—after $20 million has been spent.

There are two other reasons I am compelled to write on this topic once more. 

1)  The silence.  The Colorado Department of Education has not put forth a report on how the money has been used or how effective the grants have been, nor have these two districts.  Denver’s assistant superintendent for post-secondary readiness, Antwan Wilson, responded to my Another View #81 on EdNews Colorado last August, asserting that:  
“The Denver Public Schools’ initiative to turn around underperforming schools is in its early stages, and there’s still a great deal of work ahead. But, contrary to what a recent EdNews commentary suggests, there are some strong initial signs of progress.”

But he was only able to use the growth scores at Lake Middle and Lake International to back this up.  See pages 8 and 14 for indications of how the two programs performed in 2012.  How sad to think of that 8th grade graduating class at Lake Middle, having survived all the changes in that building the past few years, ending with such low TCAP scores (p. 14).  Will anyone tell those students all this federal money made a positive difference in their academic performance?

Wilson went on:
DPS has embarked on an ambitious plan to turn around some of its most chronically underperforming schools for one simple reason: to ensure that every student in the district receives an education that prepares them for success in college and career….
Within the next three years, the goal is to create rigorous learning communities at each turnaround school or campus, and we expect to see major jumps in student performance as this new culture takes root. We’re already starting to see signs of growth.”

A year later, I wish it were so—but the evidence does not support this hope.  Two years down, one to go—and except for North High this year, we see no “major jumps in student performance.”  At most of the schools, quite the opposite.

“After the first year of a three-year contract with the company, one school's abysmal state performance score did not budge.
“The other five got worse.
“While Pueblo City Schools officials say it's normal for academic achievement to lag after a school shake-up, some education-reform experts questioned why the district received a second round of grant money when scores declined and whether the district's reforms are radical enough to work.
      Jennifer Brown, The Denver Post, Aug. 20, 2012
This past winter The Denver Post’s Jennifer Brown wrote a solid three-part study on the SIG funds (Feb. 19-21).  Part 2 offered a devastating look at implementation in Pueblo, “Federal grants don’t equal academic progress in low-performing Pueblo schools” (http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_20002284).  

It raised huge questions about the $7.4 million expected to go to the “turnaround company” with whom the district had contracted, Global Partnership Schools (See box).  And this spring Nancy Mitchell at Education News Colorado brought deeper insight into the turnaround efforts at Lake, “Growing pains at Lake’s Denver campus” (April 16, 2012) http://www.ednewscolorado.org/2012/04/16/36593-growing-pains-at-denvers-lake-campus.

The response to these reports?  Virtually nothing.  Given the lack of comment from CDE, DPS, or Pueblo, we have reason to fear that the third year of funds will soon go out to these schools in spite of two years now – TWO—of little or no improvement. 

2)  My second reason for writing: actually, Denver has commented again, recently, or so it appears, in its positive account of growth in the schools in the Far Northeast.  But for Rachel Noel and Montbello, we do not see the evidence.

Federal funds for School Improvement Grant in Colorado – 2010-2013

First, a quick reminder—taken from the Background report for A Plus Denver, recounting the amount of money that was to be awarded to six DPS schools and six Pueblo schools between from 2010-2011 to 2012-13, to support their turnaround/transformation efforts over three school years:

School District


DPS - 

Amount Awarded
Model Selection*
Gilpin Elementary
$1,260,033
Turnaround
Greenlee Elementary
$2,256,517
Turnaround
Lake Middle
$2,083,232
Restart & Turnaround
Rachel Noel Middle
$2,776,580
Transformation
Montbello High
$3,388,350
Transformation
North High
$3,106,922
Transformation


Pueblo #60
Central High
$2,799,228
Transformation
Freed Middle
$2,063,811
Turnaround
Lemuel Pitts Middle
$2,159,601
Turnaround
James Risley Middle
$2, 103,975
Turnaround
Roncalli Middle
$2,212,131
Transformation
Youth & Family Academy Charter
$1,578,681
Transformation
*The federal grant provided four “intervention models” for these low-performing schools.  Each school needed to choose one of the four: turnaround, restart, transformation, or closure.  In addition, three Denver schools were closed using less than $100,000 of the federal grant: Philips Elementary, Skyland Community High, and Rishel Middle.

Denver Public Schools – Academic Growth at 6 SIG Schools

DPS has reason to be pleased overall with the 2012 growth scores.  But not in most of the Denver schools targeted by the School Improvement Grant. 

The good news for the district—overall--is here:

Recent TCAP results for Denver Public Schools found growth

Reading
Writing
Math
Median Growth Percentile
% Catching Up
Median Growth Percentile
% Catching Up
Median Growth Percentile
% Catching Up
54
30%
57
25%
53
13%
* The statewide average median growth percentile is 50. A higher number means a district is outpacing the state.
** "Catching up" refers to the percentage of students in a district likely to achieve proficiency within three years or by grade 10, whichever is sooner, based on students' test history. The reverse of that figure refers to those likely not to achieve proficiency.
From Education News Colorado

Inside Van Schoales’ recent piece on Education News Colorado, “Is slow and steady good enough for DPS” (Aug. 10, 2012- ), we can see the growth scores for individual schools, including five of the SIG schools (Lake was not included).  Of those SIG schools, only North High showed growth in reading, writing, and math.
  

   Change in students scoring - Proficient and Advanced from 2011 to 2012

Reading
Writing
Math
District average
2.71
2.2
1.3
North High
12.2
10.4
.89
Greenlee Elementary
6.5
-5.53
-5.46
Montbello High
-3.44
-2.39
-1.03
Rachel Noel
-6.47
2.68
-7.8
Gilpin Elementary
-8.68
-1.18
-20.88

Congratulations to North High.  But in two of three—or all three—academic disciplines, students at these other “turnaround” schools did not even make the expected one year’s progress.  So I am mystified by the words in the press release from Denver’s Communications Office, “DPS Students Post Highest Year-to-Year Growth among State’s 20 Largest Districts.”  It states:

Notably, the reform efforts at schools in Far Northeast Denver and Northwest Denver are driving significant academic improvement. Improvements being made at schools that have undergone turnaround reform efforts the past few years are demonstrating significantly higher achievement levels.

In Far Northeast Denver, where DPS launched a comprehensive school turnaround effort during the 2011-12 school year, student growth and proficiency gains rapidly outpaced historical trends for the region. In math, reading and writing, students at both turnaround schools and new schools posted higher scale scores than previous years. Additionally, student growth scores across content areas jumped from last year to this year.

Can this press release be speaking of Rachel Noel and Montbello High, the two schools in the Far Northeast that were to receive close to $6 million in SIG funds from 2010-2013?  Has some of the $3.8 million* designated for years one and two at Rachel Noel and Montbello gone to the other new Far Northeast schools that DPS is celebrating?  If so, please explain.  I for one assume Denver’s 2010 application to CDE for the SIG funds—written months BEFORE the plan for the Far Northeast was approved by the Denver school board—is still a meaningful guide, at least to the extent that the purpose has been to improve these two schools.  If the principal goal was to turn around Noel and Montbello, can we say that is happening?  If the goal has changed, if the new purpose has been to use the federal grant to better serve the Far Northeast students—and Noel and Montbello’s fate and improvement have become secondary, perhaps there is some rationale for that.  But I don’t see how that matches the original purpose.
__________

*DPS press release of Oct. 10, 2010: “DPS Receives $14.4 Million in School-Turnaround Grants,” stated that the annual amounts to Montbello would be $1,129,450 and to Rachel Noel, $800,527.  After two years, that comes to $3,859,954 for these two schools.  That same press release stated the annual amount “over the next three years” to Gilpin would be $420,011, to Greenlee $752,172, and to Lake close to $500,000—with additional funds supporting the West Denver Prep program opening on that campus. After two years, that comes to over $3,300,000.

The DPS press release continues: 

This growth was especially pronounced in math. As part of the turnaround initiative, seven Far Northeast schools instituted a comprehensive daily math tutorial program for all students in 4th, 6th and 9th grades. All of the schools participating in the program had median growth percentile scores above 64 points in math, while the two highest performers—Green Valley Elementary and McGlone Elementary—each had growth scores exceeding 80 points.

Rachel Noel had no sixth graders so perhaps it did not benefit from this program. Montbello is phasing out its traditional program and TCAP results record only 44 ninth graders taking the test.  Still, see the chart above for the negative growth scores in math at both schools last year.   

The press release then quotes Superintendent Tom Boasberg:

“As encouraging as it is to see these types of results, we know we need to do more. There are still far too many students who are behind. Our goal is to have every student succeed, and we have much work to achieve this goal.  The turnaround efforts, while showing promise, are still in the very early stages, and we have several other schools that continue to underperform. It’s still a long road ahead to our ultimate goal of eradicating our achievement gaps and getting every student ready for college and career. We’re on the right path, however, and picking up speed.…”

Boasberg’s comments may be accurate for several new efforts, and that’s great, but they do not hold up for the two Far Northeast schools that were the central target—yes?—of the $6 million School Improvement Grant.  And who can see much “promise” after more than $3 million* (footnote previous page) has been spent to improve Gilpin, Greenlee, and Lake?

  
A closer look:
The 6 DPS schools receiving SIG funds for turnaround/transformation efforts

Again, the average growth in DPS for 2012 was 54% in Reading. 57% in Writing, 53% in Math.  Now look at the six schools receiving year two SIG funds.  Growth in 2012 is only apparent at North High.  Growth in writing was above 50% at Lake Middle and Rachel Noel.  Otherwise, no growth scores over 50%.  At Gilpin, Greenlee, and Montbello, low growth means that with each passing year, an even higher percentage of their students are unlikely to meet state standards by the time they graduate.

GILPIN ELEMENTARY

READING
Elementary
41.0
62.0
0.0%
66.7%
MATH
Elementary
11.5
87.0
0.0%
16.7%
WRITING
Elementary
30.0
74.0
14.8%
33.3%

GREENLEE ELEMENTARY

READING
Elementary
42.0
57.0
26.2%
59.4%
MATH
Elementary
42.0
77.0
5.9%
35.5%
WRITING
Elementary
41.0
72.0
13.6%
33.3%

*The Colorado Growth Model uses four key indicators – based on an analysis of students’ testing history – to paint a picture of academic progress by school and district:
Median Growth Percentile: Shows how much a group of students is progressing compared to others. Typical growth for an individual student centers around 50. Lower means slower growth, higher means better than average.
Adequate Growth Percentile: Shows the growth that students needed on average in the past year to reach or maintain proficiency within three years or by the tenth grade, whichever comes first. With this indicator, lower is better. Lower numbers mean less growth is required.
“Catching up”: The percentage of students who previously scored below proficient in this subject but who have shown enough growth in the past year to reach proficiency within three years or by 10th grade. They’re “catching up” to proficiency so a higher number is better.
“Keeping up”: The percentage of students who previously scored proficient and who are on track to maintain that level over three years or through 10th grade. They’re “keeping up” their proficiency so a higher number is better.


LAKE MIDDLE

READING
Middle
48.5
67.5
26.5%
66.7%
MATH
Middle
46.0
98.0
5.5%
45.2%
WRITING
Middle
62.0
88.0
12.3%
51.4%

LAKE INTERNATIONAL

READING
Middle
50.0
62.0
22.8%
74.2%
MATH
Middle
42.0
84.0
10.9%
27.8%
WRITING
Middle
47.0
76.0
18.1%
50.5%

RACHEL NOEL MIDDLE

READING
Middle
42.0
66.0
21.9%
54.1%
MATH
Middle
34.0
97.0
2.9%
20.5%
WRITING
Middle
52.0
84.0
14.9%
52.3%

MONTBELLO HIGH

READING
High
25.5
95.0
6.4%
69.2%
MATH
High
30.0
99.0
1.8%
66.7%
WRITING
High
32.0
99.0
1.9%
55.6%


  
NORTH HIGH

READING
High
53.0
60.0
22.9%
85.0%
MATH
High
55.0
99.0
3.0%
36.0%
WRITING
High
63.0
93.0
18.8%
61.2%
  



Denver Public Schools – Academic Achievement

6 SIG Schools - TCAP scores (% proficient and advanced)

I begin with the growth scores because it is these that DPS is eager to tout, not the academic achievement, and even here the story is disappointing, to say the least, in five of these SIG schools. 
           
Now consider the more disturbing academic achievement scores.  Of course I realize that comparing the 2011 achievement scores of that year’s 7th grade against this past year’s group of 7th graders is not a look at growth.  Understood.  Not the same class.  Agreed.  But in the SIG application each school listed its goals to improve academic achievement each of the three years of the grant.  It is not happening at five of the six schools. 

The TCAP proficiency and advanced scores are taken from Education News Colorado. To emphasize a few points, a few comments precede each school’s scores.  I begin with the two schools in the Far Northeast. 

MONTBELLO HIGH SCHOOL

1. Lowest 9th grade reading score in five years.
2. 9th grade scores lower from 2011, largely unchanged from 2010 before the SIG funds were made available.
3. 10th grade scores have fallen from 31% proficient in 2010—before the SIG funds were available-to 18% proficient after year one of the grant, to 16% proficient after year two of the grant.
4. 10th grade writing math, science all lower than they were in 2010 before the funds were made available.

Reading
9
23
28
25
30
31
86%
Writing
9
9
14
6
15
12
86%
Math
9
7
9
6
6
8
86%
Reading
10
16
18
31
35
31
86%
Writing
10
6
6
11
15
11
86%
Math
10
5
5
7
4
4
86%
Science
10
5
5
10
8
7
86%


  
RACHEL NOEL MIDDLE SCHOOL

1.      7th grade - Improved writing scores from 2011 to 2012.
2.      8th grade - Writing scores held steady from 2011 to 2012 – 19% proficient.
3.      2012 scores declined from 2011 scores in all other categories. 
4.      2012 scores for 7th grade reading – dropped 11 % points from 2010, before the SIG funds were available.
5.      2012 scores for 7th grade math - dropped 11% points from 2010, before the SIG funds were available.
6.      2012 scores for 8th grade reading - dropped 14% points from 2010, before the SIG funds were available.

Reading
6
0
26
37
24
33
96%
Writing
6
0
22
26
24
19
96%
Math
6
0
23
31
29
26
96%
Reading
7
27
31
38
27
32
96%
Writing
7
29
24
24
32
16
96%
Math
7
14
21
25
27
16
96%
Reading
8
23
32
37
24
30
96%
Writing
8
19
19
17
11
18
96%
Math
8
14
23
20
10
11
96%
Science
8
9
16
14
7
7


  

GILPIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

1.      5th grade science score improved 1% - from 5% proficient in 2011 to 6% proficient in 2012.
2.      5th grade writing score improved from 20% proficient in 2011 to 24% proficient in 2012.
3.      Scores declined in all other categories from 2011 to 2012.
4.      2012 scores for 4th grade math – 0% proficient (or so we read), down from 24% proficient in 2011.
5.      2012 scores for 4th grade reading – 6% proficient, down from 18% proficient in 2011.
6.      2012 scores for 5th grade math – 12% proficient, down from 30% proficient in 2011.

Reading
3
46
0
0
0
0
84%
Writing
3
27
0
0
0
0
84%
Math
3
33
0
0
0
0
84%
Reading
4
6
18
0
0
0
84%
Writing
4
6
12
0
0
0
84%
Math
4
0
24
0
0
0
84%
Writing
5
24
20
0
0
0
84%
Math
5
12
30
0
0
0
84%
Science
5
6
5
0
0
0
84%
Reading
5
29
35
0
0
0
84%

  

GREENLEE ELEMENTARY

1.      Overall, mixed results: 5 categories up from 2011, 5 down.
2.      3rd grade - Strong improvement in 2012 TCAP scores compared to 2011.
3.      All 4th grade scores declined in 2012 from 2011.
Writing scores declined 16% points to 9% proficient in 2012 from 25% proficient in 2011.
Math scores declined 23% points to 20% proficient in 2012 from 43% proficient in 2011.
4.      5th grade reading scores improved in 2012 to 33% proficient compared to 29% in 2011.
5.      5th grade science scores improved in 2012 to 9% proficient compared to only 2% proficient in 2011
6.      5th grade writing and math scores declined in 2012 from 2011 by 5-6% points.

Reading
3
55
34
0
0
0
95%
Writing
3
23
16
0
0
0
95%
Math
3
40
28
0
0
0
95%
Reading
4
23
28
0
0
0
95%
Writing
4
9
25
0
0
0
95%
Math
4
20
43
0
0
0
95%
Reading
5
33
29
0
0
0
95%
Writing
5
24
31
0
0
0
95%
Math
5
30
35
0
0
0
95%
Science
5
9
2
0
0
0
95%

  

LAKE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Sixth grade reading scores slightly better, writing scores the same, math scores declined.

Reading
6
40
36
0
0
0
97%
Writing
6
32
32
0
0
0
97%
Math
6
40
46
0
0
0
97%
Reading
7
36
0
0
0
0
97%
Writing
7
32
0
0
0
0
97%
Math
7
20
0
0
0
0
97%


LAKE MIDDLE SCHOOL

1.      Writing scores for 8th graders went up from 22% proficient in 2011 to 23% proficient in 2012—both improvements on 2010 score of 17% proficient, before the SIG funds were available.
2.      2012 8th reading, science and math scores all lower than 2011 and 2010
The drop in reading scores is the most troubling: 2012 8th grade reading scores dropped 11% points - from 37% proficient in both 2010 and 2011 – to 26% proficient in 2012.

Reading
7
0
32
34
22
25
96%
Writing
7
0
25
16
21
15
96%
Math
7
0
19
14
14
10
96%
Reading
8
26
37
37
27
21
96%
Writing
8
23
22
17
19
11
96%
Science
8
7
17
9
10
8
96%
Math
8
18
27
19
17
10
96

NORTH HIGH SCHOOL

North’s scores—though better, especially in reading—still fall well short of its stated goals for 2012 back in the SIG application, which read:

Grade
Subject
2007
2008
2009
2011 Goal
2012 Goal
9th
Reading
21.5
24.5
21.5
35
45

Math
7
5
6
30
35

Writing
15
10
11
40
55
10th
Reading
22.5
21
34
55
60

Math
5
6
3
30
35

Writing
12
13
16.5
30
40

We can now look at the results for these first two years:

Grade
Subject
2011 Goal
2011 Results
2012 Goal
2012 Results
9th
Reading
35
33
45
40

Math
20
12
30
10

Writing
30
19
40
19
10th
Reading
45
31
55
48

Math
20
6
30
10

Writing
30
9
40
29

 A close look at North’s scores reveal:

1. Improvement in most all categories in 2012 from 2011—and improved scores in 5 of 7 categories from 2011.  All 2012 scores were improved from 2010, before the SIG funds were made available.
2. Reading - Especially significant improvement in reading: 40% of 9th graders were proficient in 2012 compared to 33% in 2011 and 29% in 2010.
3. Reading - 48% of 10 graders were proficient in 2012 compared to 31% in 2011 and 29% in 2010.
4. Math - Math scores have edged up somewhat from 2010.  But in both grades 9 and 10 still only 10% of the students score proficient.

Math
9
10
12
9
6
5
84%
Reading
9
40
33
29
22
25
84%
Writing
9
19
19
11
11
10
84%
Science
10
22
11
13
15
12
84%
Reading
10
48
31
29
34
21
84%
Writing
10
29
9
11
17
13
84%
Math
10
10
6
7
3
6
84%


PUEBLO CITY 60 – Academic Growth at 5 SIG Schools

After each of four middle school in Pueblo 60 received roughly $700,000 in year one and $700,000 in year two towards its turnaround/transformation, none had growth scores over 37 percentile points in 2012.  I hope that after two years in a row like this CDE or the federal government will be compelled to halt the school district’s contract with Global Partnership Schools and rethink this entire effort. 

If not, imagine the prospects for that 6th grade girl who arrived at one of these middle schools in the fall of 2010, and who now begins her 8th grade year.  I hope she has had some terrific teachers and at least a few good classes.  But who can doubt that, after all the hype about the dramatic improvement that would take place, we have let her down?



FREED MIDDLE SCHOOL

READING
Middle
31.0
43.0
23.3%
55.7%
MATH
Middle
21.0
78.0
0.0%
16.4%
WRITING
Middle
29.0
68.0
14.3%
32.6%


LEMUEL PITTS MIDDLE

READING
Middle
33.5
44.0
22.2%
61.1%
MATH
Middle
20.0
81.0
3.1%
18.6%
WRITING
Middle
27.0
65.0
7.8%
30.5%

JAMES RISLEY MIDDLE

READING
Middle
37.0
54.0
25.3%
55.7%
MATH
Middle
18.0
90.0
2.7%
12.0%
WRITING
Middle
36.0
75.0
13.6%
36.2%


RONCALLI MIDDLE

READING
Middle
30.0
41.0
23.9%
55.0%
MATH
Middle
13.0
74.0
4.3%
8.5%
WRITING
Middle
29.0
64.0
9.4%
41.9%


The one positive story on growth in Pueblo was at Central High, where in two of three academic disciplines, reading and writing, growth exceeded 50%.

CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL

READING
High
53.0
41.0
31.5%
89.4%
MATH
High
37.5
99.0
0.7%
42.4%
WRITING
High
56.0
79.0
15.8%
70.9%

YOUTH & FAMILY ACADEMY CHARTER

During this past school year Pueblo 60 cut off the SIG funds for Youth & Family Academy.  YAFA, now authorized by the Charter School Institute, had 2012 growth scores better than all four middle schools that continued to receive the large federal funds.  I imagine some YAFA teachers might say there are times when it is more a blessing than a curse NOT to be involved in a federal grant.

**

Contact hitter


If you read this far, no, I don’t think it was a futile swing. As a baseball player I lacked power, but I didn’t strike out much.  Contact hitter.  Thank you for reading this.

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