Tuesday, February 17, 2026

AV #296 - These 4,500 high school students deserve something better

 

Three low-performing high schools, with rarely seen numbers/graphs

A learning gap? More like a learning chasm


Introduction

   “… we know there is work ahead to ensure more students are meeting Colorado’s academic expectations across every grade and subject. Persistent achievement gaps highlight the importance of continuing our efforts to support every learner.” Commissioner of Education Susana Córdova. 8/21/25, upon release of 2025 test scores.  

   How do we think about our high school? Do we feel we received a good education? Do we think the adults in the building knew us, cared about us, and did a good job of helping us learn valuable skills and knowledge? Are we grateful for the education we received?

   Imagine how the 4,500 students in three of our chronically low-performing high schools might look back, years hence, on their school. Will they think the adults did all they could to provide a good education? Will they be grateful?

   Every year state leaders speak with grave concern about the learning gaps in our state. Every year we see most schools on the “accountability clock” enroll a student population that is 85% or more minority and on Free and Reduced Lunch.

On Performance Watch

minority

Free-reduced lunch[i]

Aurora Central H.S.

94.7%

91.3%

Adams City H.S.

94.4%

85.1%

Abraham Lincoln H.S.

97.2%

85.9%

   I ask you to look at three such high schools with me. I believe schools struggling to support such a vulnerable population deserve extra attention. The data from each school will be, at a minimum, disturbing, perhaps shocking. For these schools, “learning gaps” is an understatement.

   I expect some will look at these figures and say: You are out to embarrass these students. You are criticizing our students who face the toughest odds. You seem eager to cause pain.

   

   AV #296 DOES NOT BLAME students for poor scores on state assessments or for such high rates of chronic absences. I highlight these numbers in the hope that we, as adults, will look in the mirror and ask: What are we doing, and not doing, that accounts for such gaps, that brings such disheartening results for the nearly 4,500 students in these schools?

   The refrain from the adult perspective - from the state, districts, school administrators, and teachers - is this: Our options are limited; we’re trying our best; based on normal measures of success, the challenges for students in this population may be too great for us to “succeed.”

   But those 4,500 students, years from now, might well look back in anger – and ask: Didn’t we have a right to a good education? Something closer to what most teenagers in Colorado experienced? Was that really the best you could give us? Throughout high school we heard chatter of countless “improvement” efforts, but nothing significant changed. Are we grateful? No. Except for the handful of teachers who went out of their way for us, no, we are not grateful.

 

                                                                    Two quotes

“The measure of a public education system is not whether it works for some, but whether it works by design for all."                                                                                                                                       (Bold mine)

            State Sen. James Coleman, President of the Colorado Senate

            Clarence Burton, Jr., CEO of Denver Families for Public Schools

                                                              (The Colorado Sun, Jan. 17, 2026)

 

  At the State Board of Education meeting on Sept. 10, 2025, Colorado Department of Education staff gave an update on a dozen “Schools & Districts with Directed Action,” as part of the "Accountability Clock Process.” Slide 8 showed several schools that have been “on the clock” for 10, 11, even 12 years.

  When we become inured to data that arrives on an annual basis, we benefit when fresh eyes look and respond with honesty and compassion.

  In September Board member Sherri Wright (Congressional District 3) had not yet completed her first year. This was part of her response.

 

   “I have some grave concerns.”

   She spoke of schools that have been on the accountability clock for 12 years. She imagined what it would mean for a student to experience many years of what she termed not a good education.”

   She commented on CDE’s update. She acknowledged the hard work at these schools.

   “They’re doing partnerships and everything. They’re trying. It’s a grave concern on accountability and it kind of scares me, as a lay person, that we’re depending on these kids to come out and be a good strong workforce and they’re lacking in their education.

   “Is it our fault? Is it the schools’ fault. Is it the parents’ fault. I think it’s everybody’s fault.”

 

   AV #296 is written in that same spirit. We—the adults—are responsible. It is on us to offer the education our students deserve. There is no blaming of students here.

   I ask you to think of the 4,500 Colorado teenagers enrolled in three high schools in 2024-25.

   I ask you to look at these student outcomes. Who can say the system is working “for all” – specifically, for these 4,500 students?

   It is time for a change. 

  

Three high schools on Performance Watch - latest data

       A question of accountability – CDE’s presentation to the State Board, Dec. 10, 2025  

I.       PSAT & SAT – Reading/Writing and Math – 2024-2025 school year – (pages 9-17)

A.     Reading/Writing – gaps – each school scores below Approaches Expectations

B.     Math – gaps - each school scores below Approaches Expectations

C.     Most juniors do not meet Colorado Graduation Guidelines on the SAT

D.    A majority of students score at the lowest performance level, far below grade level

II.     Growth - percentage and rating. In virtually all categories, below 45%. (pages 18-20)

III.   Attendance, truancy, and chronic absences – (pages 21-22)

      Aurora Central High - 69.4%; Abraham Lincoln - 61.4%; Adams City - 54.6% chronically absent.


A question of accountability

CDE’s presentation to the State Board on these three schools, Dec. 10, 2025

 

  I present 2024-25 results on the three “A” high schools: Aurora Central High (the 9-12 program at the Aurora Central Campus); Adams City High, the main high school in Adams 14; and Abraham Lincoln High in Denver. I have written about them many times over the past 15 years.  


                                             FROM AV #289

  “‘State Board members suggest they, too, realize the Education Accountability Act of 2009 has not succeeded in ‘turning around’ our lowest-performing comprehensive high schools.”

                                                                        **

   For over 15 years we have been sending thousands of our most vulnerable students into school buildings that are not providing a high-quality education. For over 15 years.

   The Education Accountability Act has brought benefits. But not for these high schools and not for this student population. Years ago we spoke with confidence of “school turnaround” work; we envisioned dramatic improvement. It has not happened.

   Last March the Colorado Department of Education (CDE) staff presented to the State Board current data on these schools (March 2025). It led me to write AV #289: “High schools where our Education Accountability Act does not work. Time for a change.” (See box.) I featured Aurora Central High and Adams City High in that piece.


   Now with 2024-25 data in front of us, my argument should carry more weight. Lots of evidence here. What we are doing is simply not working.

   AV #296 provides evidence most State Board members have never seen. In that biannual “progress monitoring update” to the Board last March, Dr. Andy Swanson, Director of Transformation Strategy at CDE, confessed: “I think you can see that at our high schools overall with state board-directed action, we are struggling to gain traction at some of the

                            

CDE’s Data Update on Aurora Central High, 3/12/25


- Student attendance and local assessment participation are not on track to meet end of year targets.

- Participation rates were not sufficient to be able to share local assessment data

high schools.”[i] He suggested we might see some troubling results at the year’s end. 

   Deeply troubling, as it turns out. Unfortunately, CDE’s follow-up presentation to the State Board in September provided few details for 2024-25 results. (See boxes on Aurora Central.) 


CDE’s Data Update on Aurora Central High, 9/10/2025

-  Despite progress in improving their attendance from previous years (7 out of 9 months demonstrated improved attendance), attendance continues to be low at Aurora Central Campus (high 70s, low 80s for most months).           -  Aurora Central Campus earned points for an Improvement plan but were decreased due to participation for the second consecutive year.                        Full Slide from that presentation.[ii]

   Since then CDE has completed its data gathering for 2024-25 on achievement, growth, and attendance. AV #296 gathers and presents much of that information – all taken from CDE’s website. Of course this does not give a full picture of the three schools. Still, I believe it presents some key facts we must look at.

  These results reveal the glaring gaps between what we as a state set as our academic expectations and how students in these schools perform. I have studied 2024 and 2025 assessment results and see occasional improvements:

·       Aurora Central High - SAT reading/writing score—up from 14.7% to 22.4% Meeting Expectations;

·       Adams City High - SAT mean scale score on Reading/Writing – up from 408 to 420;

·       Abraham Lincoln – SAT mean scale score on Math – up from 378 to 401.

(NOTE: Progress, but that only meant an increase from 5.1% to 7.3% Meeting Expectations in Math.)

   Overall, however, as the growth data will show, these schools again failed to make significant progress. None reached the growth target of 50% or above. See Part II, Growth.

   I report on these high schools for two reasons. First, we must see that the accountability system is not fulfilling its goal. We set out to bring significant improvement to these schools. After looking at the evidence here, who can believe we have accomplished that goal?

  Second, I question what CDE staff presented to the State Board at its meeting on Dec. 10, 2025. We learned of the five high

Colorado has four school ratings for accountability: Performance, Improvement, Priority Improvement, and Turnaround.                                   (See CDE’s explanations of these categories.[iv])

schools on State Board Directed Action. CDE’s list included the three “A’s,” plus Gateway High in Aurora and Mitchell High in Colorado Springs.

   In September CDE announced its preliminary school frameworks.[v] (I hope you will bear with me. What happened last fall is complicated.) Both Aurora Central Campus and Abraham Lincoln High were rated on Priority Improvement. (Aurora Central Campus was actually rated Improvement, but this was “decreased to Priority Improvement due to Assessment participation issues.”)

   At the December Board meeting, CDE presented revised, and higher, ratings for both Aurora Central and Abraham Lincoln.[vi] (For CDE’s explanation to me, see Endnote.[vii])

   Given the State Board’s interest in these schools, these revised ratings deserve a closer look.

 

   For these “A” schools, on Dec. 10 CDE staff showed the following updated 2025 SPF ratings to the Board. Here I add their 2024 ratings and the columns with the Percentage Points Earned. 

 

 

2024

2025

 

Year on Watch

SPF Rating

% Pts Earned

SPF Rating

% Pts Earned

Adams City High

Priority Improvement

38.2%

Priority Improvement

40%

Year 12

Aurora Central Campus*

Priority Improvement

49.2%

Improvement*

48.2%*

Year 10 – On Watch

Abraham Lincoln High**

Turnaround

30.4%

Improvement**

41.8%

Year 7 – On Watch

  

A.     * Is Aurora Central High School rated on Improvement? No. 

Aurora Central - The campus is on Improvement. What about the high school?

 

   In his presentation to the State Board last March, Dr. Andy Swanson explained that Aurora Central had “transitioned to becoming a new K-12 arts campus. While the school overall is a K-12 campus,” he said, “the academic concerns both for CDE, the board, and their district focus on their pathway plan and primarily geared toward the high school level.”

   The only way I see Aurora Central Campus could have initially been rated on Improvement, with a remarkable 48.2 percentage points earned, is by combining the high rating for the Charles Burrell K-8 school, located on the same campus but in an adjacent building, with the extremely low rating for the high school. But it is Aurora Central High School that has been on the Accountability Clock for 10 years, not the K-12 campus. The four-year-old K-8 program has never been “on the clock.”

   In failing to say a word about the high school’s performance rating on Dec. 10, CDE may have enabled leaders at Aurora Central Campus to misunderstand (or is it to misrepresent?) what is true. Given its oversight role, the State Board should have no such misunderstanding. This appeared on Aurora Central’s website last month.

 

Aurora Central Earns Improvement Status

Dear Aurora Central High School Community,                                                     (Bold mine)     

  I am deeply proud to share some exciting news about our school’s performance progress.

  It is now official that for the first time in more than 15 years, Aurora Central High School has made enough improvement to earn a state performance rating of “Improvement” status. In previous years, our school received ratings of “Priority Improvement” or “Turnaround,” so this newly earned status represents a truly significant celebration for our entire school community.

  I want to thank and celebrate the hard work, commitment and perseverance of our students, staff and families.

  Thank you for your continued support of Aurora Central High School. I am incredibly proud of what we have accomplished—and even more excited about where we are headed.

Sincerely,

Kurtis Quig, Principal

   A longer version of Quig’s announcement, from Dec. 16, 2025, is at the high school’s website.[viii]

   The principal of the Charles Burrell K-8 school sent out a similar letter on Dec. 16.[ix]

    Sadly, both principals are mistaken.

   See CDE’s 2025 Final School Performance Framework (Official Rating) for Aurora Central Campus.[x] On the bottom of page one we see three different “Points by Level” and the distinct rating by each level.

                  Elementary – 61.4% - Performance

Middle – 70.6% - Performance

High – 35.9% - Priority Improvement (My addition: a decline from 37.7% in 2024.) 

   The general guidelines for determining the school plan, as we read on these pages, “are based on the total percentage of points earned.”   

                  Improvement Plan: 42.0% - 52.9%

Priority Improvement Plan: 34.0% - 41.9%

Turnaround Plan: 0.0% - 33.9%

  

To be clear: Aurora Central High is rated on Priority Improvement. With only 35.9% points, it sits at the low end of the Priority Improvement ratings. (See “C” below.)

   What math formula, I wonder, came up with 48.2% points earned for the campus? In 2024-25 Aurora Central High enrolled over 1,950 students, the Charles Burrell K-8 school just 500 students. So 80% of the students on the Aurora Central Campus attended one of the lowest-performing high schools in Colorado, and yet the Campus received 48.2% points and is rated on an Improvement Plan. How does that give appropriate weight to the high school’s performance?

   It does not – forgive me – add up.

   Finally, whatever CDE determines about the “sufficient percentage of students taking the state assessments,” what about the other 170 days of the school year? As you will see, Aurora Central High again had dismal results on attendance, truancy, and chronic absences. (Part III Attendance.)

**

A brief look back – where have we seen this before?

“Campus” talk confuses the issue – exactly what Aurora Public Schools tried to do 

   In the spring of 2024, before Aurora Central presented an update on its turnaround work to the State Board, it gave a first cut to the Aurora Public Schools Board of Education. In AV #269 I responded: “Aurora Public Schools muddies the waters before state hearing. Embarrassing presentation to the Aurora School Board reveals confusion, obfuscation” (3/26/24). I noted how much time that presentation spent touting the success of the Charles Burrell K-8 program.   


[It] suggested a way to change the subject. Or at least a new way to confuse the issue—and talk about a “new” K-12 campus ... Does APS hope this “narrative” about the “new campus” will distract the State Board from its focus on what has changed (or not) at the high school since 2019? Above all, what does this “story” have to do with accountability for ACHS? (More in Endnote.[xi])


**

    CDE’s current handling of accountability for the Aurora Central Campus plays into this same confusion. I expressed my concern to CDE staff. I was reminded that “the school is still under a state board order.” But given that, when presenting the improved rating for the Campus, why not state this fact: in 2024-25 the high school itself showed little progress and earned a low rating?

   I am left to wonder why the Colorado Department of Education is not more forthright in telling the State Board what is taking place at Aurora Central High School. Is there some attempt to pull a curtain over the high school’s terribly poor results? AV #296 provides a look behind the curtain.


B.  ** Abraham Lincoln High is now also on Improvement?

   If those guidelines on how schools are rated (see above - Priority Improvement Plan: 34.0% - 41.9%) were followed to the letter, a school like Abraham Lincoln, with a score of 41.8 % points earned—would receive a Priority Improvement rating.

    That is where CDE’s Preliminary Rating put Abraham Lincoln in September, with 41.8% points. But the Final Ratings released in December found the school (still with a score of 41.8% points) now on an Improvement Plan.

   Quite a jump for a school rated on Turnaround the previous year.   

   The following pages provide plenty of 2024-2025 data on Abraham Lincoln High to raise questions about this higher rating. Four examples.

Did Not Yet Meet Expectations

Grade 9

Grade 10

Grade 11

67.7%

63.2%

72.7%

- Of the three high schools, Abraham Lincoln had the highest percentage, 67.4% (over two-thirds of its students in grades 9-11) scoring Did Not Yet Meet Expectations in Reading and Writing.

- At Abraham Lincoln, 80% (120 out of 150) of the juniors taking the SAT MATH scored in the lowest performance level, Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

- At Abraham Lincoln, on the PSAT MATH, the percentage of freshmen who Met/Exceeded Expectations dropped from 30.7% in 2024 to 13.4% in 2025.

618 of Abraham Lincoln’s 1,006 students were chronically absent, a rate of 61.4%.

 

  Where is the evidence to justify CDE raising Abraham Lincoln’s rating from Turnaround to Improvement? Chalkbeat Colorado’s recent story, Denver’s Lincoln H.S. improves state rating amid immigration enforcement fears, other challenges,” gave one explanation.[xii] The article brought to life those many challenges; it presented a more nuanced picture of the high school than you will see in AV #296.  

   Chalkbeat recounted the school scrambling last fall to find another 13 recent graduates who had enrolled in college. It succeeded, and thereby improved its rating. A sad commentary, I thought, on our accountability process.

   (Regarding Chalkbeat’s reference to Lincoln’s higher growth scores in 2025, see Part II - Growth.)

   And if a school’s four-year graduation rate means something, note that it only grew at Abraham Lincoln from 68.1% in 2024 to 70% in 2025 – almost 12 points below the four-year graduation for all of Denver Public Schools - 81.9%.[xiii]

   

A note to Denver Public Schools – there is still work to do

   Last spring Denver Superintendent Alex Marrero indicated that the district’s efforts to improve a number of its lowest-performing schools did not need to include Abraham Lincoln. According to Chalkbeat Colorado:

One school, Abraham Lincoln High, has seven years of low ratings and is already undergoing state intervention. But because it’s in the midst of a state-directed improvement plan, Lincoln High would be exempt from closure under Marrero’s plan, he said.[xiv]  

   I hope the superintendent and the Denver School Board will read on to learn more about Abraham Lincoln’s performance in 2025. Given these results, DPS will need to do more than trust that the state’s “intervention” has been successful.  


C.       Eight low-performing high schools in Colorado

   On Dec. 10, 2025, the Colorado Department of Education presented the District Accreditation Rating Determinations & School Plan Type to the State Board of Education.[xv]

   CDE listed five high schools on State Board Directed Action* (Slide 43) and three high schools on Performance Watch “with Possible End-of-Clock Hearings”** (Slide 45).

   From their School Performance Framework pages, I find the following percentage points earned for these high schools - including for Aurora Central High School on the Aurora Central Campus.

 

**Hinkley High School (year 4)

42.8

*Abraham Lincoln High School (year 7)

41.8

**Fort Lupton High School (year 4)

40.9

*Adams City High School (year 12)

40.0

**John F Kennedy High School (year 4)

40.0

*Aurora Central High (year 10)                                                             [or is it 11?]

35.9

*Mitchell High School (year 7)

35.7

*Gateway High School (year 8)

35.5

 



 Three high schools on Performance Watch

   All data and references to Aurora Central here are about Aurora Central High School, and NOT Aurora Central Campus, which includes the Charles Burrell K-8 school in a separate building.

 

A.      PSAT & SAT – Reading/Writing and Math – 2024-25 school year

 

From SchoolView.[xvi] My addition: State average and Minimum Score in our Graduation Guidelines.


CDE’s SchoolView shows a minimum score for Meets (495) and for Approaches (448) for Reading and Writing that applies to most schools. SchoolView shows slightly different numbers for Meets and Approaches for Aurora Central. This graph does not capture that small difference. The same is true in the next three graphs.

 

* For the 2024 and 2025 school years the State Board has lowered the required minimum score to meet the Graduation Guidelines - from 500 to 480.

CDE’s SchoolView shows a minimum score for Meets (466) and for Approaches (423) for Math that applies to most schools. SchoolView shows slightly different numbers for Meets and Approaches for Aurora Central.


State average = approximate - combining average for grade 9 (452) and grade 10 (468) = 460

Maximum score on both Reading/Writing and on Math:   for PSAT 9 = 720   for PSAT 10 = 760

CDE’s SchoolView shows a minimum score for Meets (459) and for Approaches (415) for Reading and Writing that applies to most schools. SchoolView shows slightly different numbers for Meets and Approaches for Aurora Central.


State average = approximate - combining average for grade 9 (428) and grade 10 (449) = 439

CDE’s SchoolView shows a minimum score for Meets (430) and for Approaches (387) for Math that applies to most schools. SchoolView shows slightly different numbers for Meets and Approaches for Aurora Central.



B.        Colorado Graduation Guidelines – what percentage can meet the SAT minimum score?

 

   In order to graduate, Colorado students must meet the expectations set in the Colorado Graduation Guidelines. In light of the data above, it is no surprise to see the small percentage of last year’s juniors in these schools who will be able to meet the minimum scores for the SAT. As seniors now, in order to graduate this spring, most will need to use one of the other 10 pathways in the state’s Menu of Options to demonstrate “college and career readiness.” Especially to fulfill the Math requirement, where so few achieve the minimum score of 480.

GAPS

   This page emphasizes the gaps:

   1) between the MINIMUM SCORE for seniors to meet the state’s Graduation Guidelines on the SAT, and how juniors in these schools scored last year.

   2) between the STATE AVERAGE SCORE for 10th graders on the PSAT, and the scores for 10th graders in these schools.

   3) between the STATE-WIDE PERCENTAGE of students who Met or Exceed Expectations on the SAT and the PSAT, and the percentage who Met or Exceed Expectations in these schools.

 

SAT READING & WRITING

Graduation Guideline Minimum Score

470

% MET/EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS

State average

507

 61.5%

Adams City High School

420

N.A.

87 pts below state average; 50 pts below minimum score

Aurora Central High School

396

22.4%

111 pts below state average; 74 pts below minimum score

Abraham Lincoln High School

387

16.7%

120 pts below state average; 83 pts below minimum score

 

SAT MATH

Graduation Guideline Minimum Score

480

% MET/EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS

State average

479

 32.5%

Abraham Lincoln High School

401

7.3%

79 pts below minimum score

Adams City High School

393

N.A.

87 pts below minimum score

Aurora Central High School

380

6.1%

100 pts below minimum score

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




  Mean Scale Scores and % Met/Exceeded from CDE’s 2025 SAT/PSAT Data and Results[xvii] 


COMMENT: My unscientific search found few comprehensive high schools in Colorado (not alternative or online) with SAT MATH results for grade 11 as low as at Aurora Central and Abraham Lincoln, where less than 8% Met/Exceeded Expectations. Five high schools with equally low scores: Harrison (Harrison 2), Thornton (Adams 12), Montbello and West (DPS), and Gateway (APS).

 

PSAT READING & WRITING – Grade 10

% MET/EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS

State average

468

63.5% 

Adams City High School

372

N.A.

 

96 pts below state average

Aurora Central High School

360

21%

 

108 pts below state average

Abraham Lincoln High School

352

21.7%

 

116 pts below state average

 

PSAT MATH – Grade 10

% MET/EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS

State average

449

36.4% 

Adams City High School

353

N.A.

 

96 pts below state average

Aurora Central High School

350*

9.0%*

 

99 pts below state average

Abraham Lincoln High School

364*

6.6%*

 

85 pts below state average

 

*CDE tried to explain to me how Abraham Lincoln can have a higher mean scale score in Math (364) than Aurora Central High (350), while Aurora Central has a higher percentage who “Met/Exceeded Expectations.” I trust the explanation (though I confess I do not understand it!).

 

C.      Did Not Yet Meet Expectations

   The standard presentation of a school’s performance shows the percentage of students who meet or exceed expectations. We seldom see how the rest of the students performed. We almost never learn how many students scored in the lowest performance level.

   But for these three schools, on the PSAT and SAT, the majority of students scored in the lowest performance level, Did Not Yet Meet Expectations. Not a happy fact, but we must recognize it. 

   For the PSAT/SAT, scores fall into four performance levels. From top to bottom, they are:

Level 4 - Exceeded Expectations

Level 3 - Met Expectations

Level 2 - Approached Expectations

Level 1 - Did Not Yet Meet Expectations 

(Level 1: “Students performing at this level may minimally approach the academic expectations for the knowledge, skills and practices known to be most relevant for success in college and careers …” See Addendum A for CDE’s helpful definitions of Approached and Did Not Yet Meet.) 

   Only by seeing the percent scoring Did Not Yet Meet Expectations in these schools do we understand the enormity of the “learning gap” for their students.

   As the data shows, it is not just that most students fall short of Meeting Expectations.

   It is worse than that.

   Most students fall short of Approaching Expectations.

   The majority of students score in the lowest performance level, Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.  

   At the three high schools, on all six assessments, the majority of students perform Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

   In short, most students perform well below grade level in both Reading/Writing and Math.  

 

  The same holds true for CMAS reporting. We need to see a breakdown of those who do not Meet/Exceed on CMAS. After all, that is the majority of students in grades 3-8! As there are three categories below Met/Exceed with CMAS, we need to see the data for each: Approaching, Partially Met, and Did Not Yet Meet. This is especially important when reporting on our lowest-performing schools.

   Updates for the State Board hide this fact. Last August I expressed my concern to CDE staff after it summarized 2025 test results to the Board. I objected to CDE using the euphemism, Partially Met Expectations, when showing the number who score “in the lowest level” on the PSAT/SAT.

   Let’s use the terms we have accepted for the past decade: Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.  

 

READING/WRITING – 2025 - Percentage and THE NUMBER of students scoring

Did Not Yet Meet Expectations on PSAT/SAT, by grade.

  These charts and data come from CDE’s website, at SchoolView[xviii],  for Aurora Central Campus, Abraham Lincoln High, and (note, not for the school) for the Adams 14 School District. Click on Achievement, then Assessment Achievement, then PSAT & SAT results for 2024-25.

 

COMMENT:  

·       For Reading/Writing, at all three schools, over 55% of 9th grade students scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

·       More troubling is that the percentage is even higher by grade 11 in all three schools.

·       At Aurora Central High and Abraham Lincoln High, over 70% of 11th graders scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

   Data below includes the number of students at each school/district (see Adams 14) scoring Did Not Yet Meet Expectations on the PSAT and the SAT. 

 

# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 - 187/334 (56%)        Gr. 10 - 209/333 (62.8%)      Gr. 11 – 248/353 (70.3%)

To be clear, 248 students out of a junior class of 353 scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations. 

 

# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 – 149/220 (68%)       Gr. 10 – 134/212 (63.2%)      Gr. 11 – 109/150 (72.7%)

109 students out of a junior class of 150 scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

 

# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 – 202/363 (56%)         Gr. 10 – 211/357 (59.1%)        Gr. 11 – 191/322 (59.3%)

191 juniors out of a class of 322 scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.

 

Lack of focus on improving literacy

   Last spring, after CDE staff presented mid-year updates on these three high schools, in AV #287 I noted “that we heard virtually nothing about efforts at these schools to address the fact that the majority of their students are not demonstrating reading and writing skills close to grade level.”  

 (More from #287 in Endnotes.[xix])

*THESE ARE DISTRICT FIGURES.                            
   The SchoolView site providing these graphs and figures for Aurora Central High and Abraham Lincoln High does not have this information for Adams City High. At the website, we read: “Group size too small. Data not displayed to protect student or educator privacy.” However, SchoolView does provide these graphs and charts for the entire Adams 14 School District.

    I asked CDE why much of the PSAT/SAT data for Adams City High School, given its size, does not appear on SchoolView. An email from CDE staff explained “why data are sometimes suppressed for some schools like Adams City High … Publishing results for Adams City would expose data for students at Lester Arnold [an alternative education campus and the only other high school in the district] that we are not legally allowed to report. However, that also means that the data for the district level is overwhelmingly representative of Adams City High and can be used as a proxy for their performance.” (Bold mine)

   One example supports that assertion: The far majority of the students in Adams 14 taking the SAT-Reading/Writing test attended Adams City High - 292 out of 322 (91%). Only 30 students from Lester Arnold took the SAT-Reading/Writing test. Of the 292 Adams City High students, CDE’s website shows that 57.2% (167 out of 292) scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations on this SAT assessment, similar to the district figure of 59.3% (191/322).[xx]


MATH – 2025 - Percentage and THE NUMBER of students scoring

Did Not Yet Meet Expectations on PSAT/SAT, by grade.

 In Math, overall, more than 80% of the students in these schools scored at the lowest level. 

# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 – 303/365 (83%)           Gr. 10 – 293/355 (82.5%)         Gr. 11 – 315/380 (82.9%)

315 juniors out of a class of 380 scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.


# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 – 193/220 (88%)           Gr. 10 – 167/211 (79.1%)         Gr. 11 – 120/150 (80%)

120 juniors out of a class of 150 scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.


*THESE ARE DISTRICT FIGURES. See notes, above, on the Reading/Writing scores in Adams 14.

# Students Did Not Meet:

Gr. 9 – 312/365 (86%)             Gr. 10 – 305/358 (85.2%)          Gr. 11 – 266/324 (82.1%)

266 out of 324 juniors in Adams 14 who took the test scored Did Not Yet Meet Expectations.


Two thoughts – perhaps slightly contradictory

 

 Further reason for alarm at these results

                    The PSAT/SAT might be an “easier” test, yet 80% score                                     Did Not Yet Meet Expectations

  Last August, CDE staff explained to the State Board why PSAT/SAT Reading and Writing scores might look much “better” than those for CMAS. Unlike what CMAS expects of middle school students, on the PSAT/SAT “there’s no written response at all and the passages are much shorter – a few sentences, about 2-3 sentences.” (More from CDE’s explanation in Endnotes.[xxi])

  

                         When “80%” do not pass a test - A former teacher comments

   So at these three schools over 80% of the juniors taking the SAT MATH assessment last spring scored in the lowest performance level, Did Not Yet Meet Expectations. As a teacher, if half of my class failed a quiz or test I had given, I knew I was to blame. My students had not been properly prepared. Once when this happened I threw out those results and re-taught the material. Then I gave my students a new assessment – where they had a chance to succeed.

   I have written before why I believe the PSAT/SAT is the wrong assessment for high schools like the three “A’s.” [xxii] I do not enjoy highlighting these scores. But as long as accountability for our high schools depends on them, we must look at the depressing results and acknowledge the LEARNING CHASM they reveal.

 



II.              GROWTH – Percentage and rating

                                                                                                                                                                 (Bold Mine)

Student Growth: Proficiency rates are a critical measure of student performance, but it is also important to look at how much growth schools are helping students make year over year to understand their direct impact on students. In Colorado, Median Growth Percentile (MGP) looks at how much growth individual students are making compared to similar-performing peers. An MGP of 50 indicates that students at a school are keeping pace, while below indicates they are making less growth than their peers.                                                                                                                                                                                 (“Colorado Charter Schools Report,” Keystone Policy Center, January 2025.[xxiii]

From CDE’s Growth Fact Sheet:

Typical growth is between the 36th and 65th percentile. The state median growth percentile is 50 for each grade and subject.” More in Endnotes.[xxiv]

 

2025 information from CDE’s Performance Framework: Academic Growth[xxv] 


    From CDE’s “Performance Frameworks - Official Performance Ratings” – 2024 and 2025

 

 

2024

2025

 

All students

All students

FRL students

Minority students

Aurora Central High School

Reading/Writing

PSAT

39

Approaching

38

Approaching

38

Approaching

38

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

Math

36

Approaching

39

Approaching

38

Approaching

39

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

English Language Proficiency (ELP)

44

Approaching

48

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln High School

Reading/Writing

PSAT

31

Does Not Meet

42

Approaching

41.5

Approaching

41

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

Math

PSAT/SAT

34

Does Not Meet

44.5

Approaching

44.5

Approaching

44

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

English Language Proficiency

59

Meets

52

Meets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adams City High School

Reading/Writing

PSAT

39

Approaching

43

Approaching

42

Approaching

42.5

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

Math

PSAT/SAT

33

Does Not Meet

35

Approaching

36

Approaching

35.5

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

English Language Proficiency

50

Meets

43

Approaching

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    As the far majority of students at all three schools are minority students and on FRL, it is not surprising to see such similar scores for ALL students, and for minority and FRL students. 


COMMENT: Growth scores at Abraham Lincoln. Context matters.

    CDE’s Sept. 10, 2025, report to the State Board on the “A” schools highlighted Abraham Lincoln’s much better rating (from 30.4% and on Turnaround in 2024 to 41.8%s in 2025): Slide 17 stated: “Most of this growth was due to double digit increases in MGPs in math and reading & writing.”

   Last month’s Colorado Chalkbeat article echoed this good news. “Lincoln’s academic growth — a measure of how much students improved year over year — was the highest it’s been since before the pandemic.”

   All true, but the data above provides some context. Abraham Lincoln was rated on Turnaround in 2024 largely due to low growth scores (see 31 and 34 above) and low achievement. So the increase on Growth - from 31 to 42 on Reading/Writing, from 34 to 44.5 on Math - accounts for this “double-digit increase.” Good to see, of course. And yet a 44.5% still fell short of Meeting Expectations.

   As I understand it (I might well be wrong), for our lowest performing schools, growth rates need to exceed 60% to bring students’ performance closer to grade level.[xxvi]

   More revealing is what this “double-digit increase” actually meant in terms of achievement, a point made in Part 1. (Apologies for being redundant.)

To be specific, at Abraham Lincoln, comparing scores in 2024 to 2025:

SAT mean scale score on English - up from 372 in 2024 to 387 in 2025. Which equated to an increase from 12.8% to 16.7% Meeting Expectations.

SAT mean scale score on Math – up from 378 to 401. Which only meant an increase from 5.1% to 7.3% Meeting Expectations.

And for younger students, PSAT scores for 9th graders declined in both Reading/Writing (353 dropped to 308) and Math (336 to 331). 

   Context matters when we see “better” growth scores. This is especially true when a school’s scores the previous year - on both achievement and growth - were exceptionally low.  

 

III.            Attendance, truancy, and chronic absences

 

Many Colorado comprehensive high schools see alarming rates of chronic absences. But few this high.    

 

Schools & 2024-25 enrollment[xxvii]

Attendance

Truancy

Chronically Absent

                   COMMENTS

Aurora Central High (1,956)

 

 

 

 

2024-25

77.0

19.9

69.4%

-Attendance, slight improvement from 2024; about same as 2023.

-Chr. Abs.- slight improvement. However, over 40% pts above the state average.

2023-24

73.2

22.8

72.7%

2022-23

76.5

18.3

 

Abraham Lincoln High (965)

 

 

 

 

2024-25

83.8

10.7

61.4%

-Attendance, truancy – little change. Higher than might be expected given that …

-Chr. Abs. – increased by 8.3%, now 33% pts above the state average.

2023-24

85.1

10.5

53.1%

2022-23

84.7

11.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adams City High (1,500)

 

 

 

 

2024-25

84.4

12.7

54.6%

 -Attendance, truancy - better than 2024, similar to 2023.


-Chr. Abs – improvement, drop of over 10%.

2023-24

79

17.2

65.9%

2022-23

83.3

13.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

STATE OF COLORADO

 

 

 

 

2024-25

91.4

3.6

28.4%

 

2023-24

91.5

3.4

27.7%

2022-23

90.8

3.5

31.1%

 

COMMENT: Attendance and chronic absence rates at Aurora Central High School 

    In CDE’s update to the State Board on these high schools in March 2025, Dr. Andy Swanson pointed out that attendance at Aurora Central High continued to be a major challenge.

 

   “… significant concerns regarding student attendance, with monthly attendance hovering in the upper 70’s despite intervention efforts. These attendance challenges are directly impacting the school’s ability to demonstrate consistent academic progress.”

   “The school’s Community School model implementation is ongoing, but has not yet shown measurable impact on core attendance and achievement metrics at this point in time.”

   “The development of an engagement center for chronically absent students is a step in the right direction, but implementation is still in its early stages.”[xxviii]

   Those remarks seem prescient in light of the grim 2024-2025 figures. For the third straight year attendance at Aurora Central High was no better than 77%. Think about this. A teacher might have 30 students enrolled in his or her class, but on average, only 23 students show up. That “77%” aligns with the truancy figure of close to 20% the past two years. (State average: 3.4%.)

   Most distressing is to see that for the second year in a row, chronic absences were close to 70%.    

 

The NUMBER OF STUDENTS tells an even more disturbing story

    CDE’s reports show the number of students chronically absent last year at these three high schools.[xxix]

 Aurora Central High       69.4%  - 1,335 out of 1,924 students were chronically absent.

                                                             (This is for the HIGH SCHOOL, not the CAMPUS.)

Abraham Lincoln High   61.4%  - 618 out of 1,006 students were chronically absent.

Adams City High             54.6%  - 908 out of 1,664 students were chronically absent.

 

TOTAL – In 2024-25 2,861 students were chronically absent in these three schools.

   

COMMENT – on high schools where over 60% of students were chronically absent

    My incomplete search of the state’s 2025 data on chronic absences reveals that most every other high school with rates over 60% was either an alternative education campus (AEC) or an online school. I only found three comprehensive schools with equally startling chronic absentee rates.

   NOTE: Unlike Abraham Lincoln, all three were rated on Priority Improvement in 2025. 

Chronic absentee rate and number of students chronically absent

 

Mitchell High (Colorado Springs 11) – 67.9% (564/831 students)

Gateway High (Aurora Public Schools) - 64.9% (1,197/1,845 students)

John F. Kennedy High (DPS) – 61% (436/715 students)

 

  

Addendum A

“Colorado PSAT and SAT,” from the Colorado Department of Education  https://ed.cde.state.co.us/assessment/sat-psat#satperfcutscore

SAT Performance Levels and Cut Scores

Performance Level Descriptors

Policy level descriptors are general statements across grades and content areas indicating the expected level of achievement or rigor for each level. For PSAT/SAT, Colorado adopted four levels of achievement named consistently with the Colorado Measures of Academic Success but with text specific to high school. They address both academic expectations, as well as provide practical implications for future coursework.

Level 4 - Exceeded Expectations

Level 3* - Met Expectations

Level 2 - Approached Expectations

·        Students performing at this level approach the academic expectations for the knowledge, skills and practices known to be most relevant for success in college and careers contained in the assessed high school Colorado Academic Standards.

·        With continued coursework, students are likely to engage successfully in entry-level, credit-bearing courses.

Level 1 - Did Not Yet Meet Expectations

·        Students performing at this level may minimally approach the academic expectations for the knowledge, skills and practices known to be most relevant for success in college and careers contained in the assessed high school Colorado Academic Standards.

·        With significant additional coursework, students may engage successfully in entry-level, credit-bearing courses.

 

*  Indicates readiness for credit-bearing college entry coursework and career 

 

Clarification on Did Not Yet Meet and Approached Expectations 

   CDE sent me the following. It provides more detail on how these categories apply to the assessment on Reading and Writing.                                                                                                                                                                                   (Bold mine)

 

Threshold Descriptor 1 (connected to Did Not Yet Meet Expectations):

Students have not achieved Threshold Descriptor 2 and demonstrate a basic understanding of and ability to apply the reading, revising, and editing skills and knowledge needed for college and career readiness and success. These students may be able to demonstrate some ability to read and analyze moderately challenging (and simpler) texts and to revise and edit texts in basic ways and in simple contexts but are not able to demonstrate achievement sufficient for Threshold Descriptor 2. 

Threshold Descriptor 2 (connected to what is needed to reach Level 2, Approached Expectations):

Students at Threshold Descriptor 2 demonstrate a level of reading, revising, and editing achievement approaching but not meeting the college and career readiness benchmark. These students may be able to demonstrate some ability to read and analyze moderately challenging and complex (and simpler) texts and an ability to revise and edit in straightforward ways and contexts but not at the level of achievement requisite for college and career readiness and success.

 

Endnotes



[i] District Dashboard and School Dashboard, Colorado Department of Education (CDE), https://ed.cde.state.co.us/accountability/data-tools/district-and-school-dashboard

[ii] State Board meeting, March 12, 2025, “Progress Monitoring Update” by Nicole Monet, Executive Director, School & District Transformation, and Dr. Andy Swanson, Director, Transformation Strategy,  https://go.boarddocs.com/co/cde/Board.nsf/files/DEMPS365F442/$file/CDE%20Presentation%20-%202024-25%20MOY%20Progress%20Monitoring.pdf

[iii] State Board of Education meeting, Sept. 10, 2025, “Accountability Pathways Progress Monitoring Update.” Slide 13.

           Progress Monitoring Updates - Aurora Central Campus (Aurora Public Schools)

Aurora Central Campus received a Priority Improvement - Year 11 (decreased due to participation) rating on the 2025 Preliminary SPF

Focus of Pathway Plan Partial Management (TNTP) and Innovation, focused on enhancing instructional practices, strengthening PLCs, goal setting, and leadership capacity building.

        24-25 End-of-Year Summary

Aurora Central began their partnership with TNTP in 24-25, following a summer re-hearing in 2024. The partnership has been focused on developing teacher practices in Tier 1 Instruction and effective progress monitoring practices by the school’s leadership, district leadership, and TNTP

      Data Update

Despite progress in improving their attendance from previous years (7 out of 9 months demonstrated improved attendance), attendance continues to be low at Aurora Central Campus (high 70s, low 80s for most months).

Aurora Central Campus earned points for an Improvement plan but were decreased due to participation for the second consecutive year

[iv] Colorado Department of Education (CDE).

A.      District and School Performance Frameworks. School Ratings

Performance Plan - Schools with a Performance Plan are meeting expectations on the majority of performance metrics.

Improvement Plan - These schools are identified as lower performing. They may be meeting expectations on some performance metrics, but they are not meeting or are only approaching expectations on many.

Priority Improvement Plan - These schools are identified as low performing. They are not meeting or are only approaching expectations on most performance metrics. The state will provide support and oversight to these schools until they improve.

Turnaround Plan - These schools are identified as among the lowest performing schools in the state. They are not meeting or are only approaching expectations on most performance metrics. The state will provide support and oversight to these schools until they improve.

https://ed.cde.state.co.us/accountability/performanceframeworks

 B.      “How are schools and districts identified for Priority Improvement and Turnaround plans?”       (Bold mine)        

Districts and schools assigned to a Priority Improvement or Turnaround plan have the lowest student outcomes of all districts and schools in Colorado, according to the state’s primary accountability tool: the District and School Performance Framework (DPF/SPF) reports. The DPF and SPF reports are based on the key Performance Indicators: academic achievement, growth, and post-secondary and workforce readiness. Districts and schools on Priority Improvement or Turnaround plans tend to be falling short of state expectations for students in each of these areas.

“Priority Improvement and Turnaround Districts and Schools: A Supplement to the CDE District Accountability Handbook,” Updated August 2018. https://www.cde.state.co.us/accountability/accountabilitysupplement-0

[vi] YouTube of Dec. 10, 2025, State Board meeting, https://www.youtube.com/live/SIhZrrEMj1I

 Email to me, Dec. 27, 2025, from Lisa Medler, Senior Advisor for Strategic Initiatives, Accountability and

 Continuous Improvement.

[vii] Email to me, Dec. 27, 2025, from Lisa Medler, Senior Advisor for Strategic Initiatives, Accountability and

 Continuous Improvement.

For the 2025 preliminary framework, the school earned points for an Improvement plan type but was decreased to Priority Improvement because of assessment participation issues. The district then submitted a request to reconsider over the fall using an allowable condition in to demonstrate that the participation issues are not typical and that they were very close to the 95% threshold (I pasted the link and the summary from the R2R recommendations document below from Board Docs).  The state board approved this request on Dec 10.” 

[ix]Celebrating Burrell Campus Earning Improvement Status,” 12/16.2025. Full letter at https://burrellarts.aurorak12.org/news/what_s_new/burrell_campus_earns_improvement_status.

Dear Burrell K-8 Community,                                                                                               (Bold mine)

  I am happy to share some exciting news about our Charles Burrell campus’ performance progress. Recently, the Colorado State Board of Education voted to finalize our appeal on our campus’ performance framework rating. It is now official that for the first time in more than 15 years, Aurora Central High School has made enough improvement to earn a state performance rating of “Improvement” status. I do want to emphasize that our K-8 school’s performance has always been at the highest rating of “Performance” since our school opened, so we are excited to be part of this newly earned status as part of one campus, which represents a truly significant celebration for our entire community.

Anne Ferris, Principal, Charles Burrell K-8

[x] Colorado Department of Education, School Performance Framework, Aurora Central Campus, https://cedar2.cde.state.co.us/documents/SPF2025/Official/0180-1458-3-Year-Official.pdf

[xi] From AV#269 – Aurora Public Schools muddies the waters before state hearing (March 26, 2024).

   “What is most distressing is how the presentation wants to tell us about the Aurora Central Campus. The Charles Burrell Visual and Performing Arts school, which is currently “in a separate building less than a quarter mile away from the high school,”[xi] completed its first year in 2022-23. A new choice for Aurora families – good to see. But irrelevant, in this context. Burrell Arts K-8 has not been on the accountability clock for 14 years. The new program has nothing to do with the hearing in April for the high school.

  “Before the State Board hearing in April, there is still time to reassess. If the goal for APS is to show how current plans will produce a different and better high school, the school director and principal must take the lead. If they speak in plain English, from a school perspective, it will help. They will need to talk about how the school’s culture, its expectations, and everything that reflects on relationships and teaching and learning will be significantly different.

   “Above all, the plan should not cloak the harsh reality – little progress at Aurora Central High – behind an upbeat portrayal of the new K-12 campus. That’s just a ploy not to be accountable.

[xii] “Denver’s Abraham Lincoln improved state rating to yellow amid immigration enforcement fears, other challenges,” Chalkbeat Colorado (Jan. 23, 2026),  https://www.chalkbeat.org/colorado/2026/01/21/denver-abraham-lincoln-high-school-improved-state-rating-to-yellow/

    But Bravo suspected he could get Lincoln’s score up to yellow. High schools are rated based on their PSAT and SAT scores, graduation rates, and how many of their students go on to college, the military, or a career training program.

   It was in that last category where Bravo knew Lincoln could move the needle. The state’s data seemed incomplete, he said. Lincoln staff and the advisers who work at the Denver Scholarship Foundation’s in-house college and career planning center at Lincoln knew anecdotally of more graduates who had continued their education.

   So the staff began contacting former students one by one to collect the proof they’d need, like a college class schedule, to show state officials that the graduates had matriculated. In some cases, it became a game of social media telephone: They could see that one graduate was connected with another who had gone to a small community college in the mountains. Could that graduate get in touch with their friend and tell them to call the staff at Lincoln?

   In the end, Lincoln staff found more than the 13 students they needed to bump up the school’s rating. And the state officially upgraded Lincoln’s rating to yellow in December.

[xiii] 2025 Graduation reports. (1) -CDE data - https://ed.cde.state.co.us/cdereval/graduation-completion-statistics/data-insights-resources-archives

(2) Colorado Chalkbeat report (Jan. 13, 2026) - https://www.chalkbeat.org/colorado/2026/01/13/class-of-2025-graduation-rate-rose-dropout-rate-fell/


10 Denver high schools

2025 4-year graduation rate

DPS - all

81.9%

North High

90.8%

Thomas Jefferson

87.3%

Montbello

85.5%

George Washington

85.4%

John F Kennedy

84.9%

West High

82%

MLK Early College

81.7%

DSST Cole High

79.5%

Manual

78.3%

Abraham Lincoln

70%

 [xiv]A new Denver school improvement strategy could end in closures for struggling school,” by Melanie Amsur,  Chalkbeat Colorado, May 19, 2025, https://denverite.com/2025/05/19/denver-public-schools-improvement-strategy/

[xv] YouTube of Dec. 10, 2025, State Board meeting, https://www.youtube.com/live/SIhZrrEMj1I

            [xix] From AV #287 - Applying a second CES principle: less is more. Perhaps just what might help three struggling high schools, May 2025. From pages 4-5.

B. Updates to the State Board and UIPs – virtually nothing on improving literacy/reading.

   High schools like Abraham Lincoln, Adams City High, and Aurora Central—all on Performance Watch since 2014,

if not earlier—often appear before the State Board of Education. The longest-serving board members have seen these schools before. They hear of the dizzying array of strategies to “dramatically improve.” They are told that THIS TIME THESE SCHOOLS ARE REALLY, REALLY GOING TO TURN THINGS AROUND. In response, these veteran board members sound dubious. Even disheartened. 

   This seemed to be the case at the March 12 [2025] State Board meeting. CDE staff presented mid-year updates on these schools. We heard about partial management with (often revolving) non-profit partners. We heard of disparate strands (innovation plans, the community school model, integration with an arts magnet.) One school “launched” an academy model—four new academies for ninth graders. We heard of schools improving “academic systems,” adding “a new credit recovery program,” “focusing on strengthening academic ownership and student discourse strategies across their classrooms,” and “balancing long-term strategic implementation with immediate student needs.”

  But we heard virtually nothing about efforts at these schools to address the fact that the majority of their students are not demonstrating reading and writing skills anywhere close to grade level.

   As further evidence, I have studied the most recent Unified Improvement Plans from these

schools. They show how schools can comply with the state’s directive to complete this annual task, and yet give no serious thought to one critical issue: seeing that students learn to read well before they graduate.

   None of the UIPs make improving the reading skills of their students a priority.

   Incredible as it may seem, reading is hardly mentioned.

[xx] Colorado PSAT and SAT results, CDE, https://ed.cde.state.co.us/assessment/sat-psat/sat-psat-data.

[xxi] Christina Wirth-Hawkins, Chief Assessment Officer at CDE, speaking at the State Board meeting, August 21, 2025. “It can be jarring to see the percentage of students who are meeting or exceeding expectations for CMAS ELA [my addition – roughly 45%] compared with what we see with PSAT and SAT in Reading and Writing [my addition -roughly 63%]. CMAS, she explained, has “a really tight alignment to the full breadth and depth of the Colorado Academic Standards in terms of reading and writing.” Students are not only answering multiple choice questions on CMAS; she said they also “engage in writing tasks … [they] are looking at longer passages and integrating across multiple passages to answer questions because those expectations are included in our standards.” 

MY CONTEXT for CDE’s comment, “It can be jarring to see…”

   For grades 3-8, the average CMAS scores have remained below 50%, for every grade and every year, since we moved to this new assessment in 2016. Last year 43.5% of our 8th graders Met or Exceeded Expectations on CMAS-English language Arts

   But for grades 9-10, the average PSAT Reading/Writing scores have been 60% or better. What we see, then, is a surprising jump in scores once students reach 9th grade.

COLORADO

Grade

Percent Met/Exceeded Expectations in 2025

CMAS – English Language Arts

7

48.8

8

43.5

PSAT – Reading/Writing

9

65.4

10

63.5

[xxii] AV #222, “The PSAT and SAT do not work well for perhaps 25% of our high schools - As we examine how best to improve the School Performance Framework, let’s ask if these tests are meaningful – and helpful - for many of our high schools and their students.” Jan. 12, 2021.

[xxiii] “Colorado Charter Schools Performance Report” (p. 4), Keystone Policy Center, January 2025, https://www.keystone.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KPC-026-Charter-Academic-Report_r2.pdf

[xxiv] “Growth Fact Sheet,” Colorado Department of Education, https://www.cde.state.co.us/accountability/growth-fact-sheet-for-parents#:~  From CDE’s Growth Fact Sheet:


“HOW DOES IT WORK?

… a child who scores in the 60th percentile grew academically as well or better than 60 percent of his or her academic peers on those tests.

WHAT IS CONSIDERED LOW GROWTH, TYPICAL GROWTH OR HIGH GROWTH?

As defined by the Colorado State Board of Education, a child who falls below the 35 percentile for growth is considered to have made low growth.”

 

From CDE’s SchoolView - “For the Academic Growth performance indicator, the framework assigns ratings based on median student growth percentile (MGPs) and Percent On-Track to Proficiency calculations that are generated using the Colorado Growth Model…. At the high school level, PSAT/SAT Evidence Based Reading & Writing and Math are used for growth determinations.” https://www.cde.state.co.us/schoolview/explore/growth

[xxvi] Two sources:

1) From The Hawaii Growth Model : An Explanation of Student Growth Percentiles - https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/DOE%20Forms/StriveHIIndexReports/HawaiiGrowthModelFAQs.pdf

2) From AI – “The 60th Percentile Benchmark: Many models, such as Colorado's Growth Model, categorize growth between the 35th and 65th percentiles as ‘typical’. To actually ‘catch up’ and move toward proficiency, growth often needs to be in the ‘High Growth’ category, typically defined as exceeding the 65th percentile.” (AI search – Feb. 2, 2026)                                                                                                                                                                                        (Bold mine)

“… students who demonstrate 50th percentile or better growth have made at least a year’s worth of growth while those students who demonstrated less than 50th percentile growth did not make a year’s worth of growth. This definition of a year’s growth is consistent with the reality that many students achieving at the well below proficient level need to make much more than a year’s worth of growth to ‘catch-up’ to proficiency. Such students might need to demonstrate 75th percentile growth or higher to make up for starting deficits.” 

[xxvii] “Pupil Membership Statistics,” Colorado Department of Education, https://ed.cde.state.co.us/cdereval/pupilmembership-statistics

[xxix] Attendance Statistics, Colorado Department of Education, https://ed.cde.state.co.us/cdereval/attendancestatistics

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