Tuesday, September 15, 2026

AV #305 - Colorado's Graduation Guidelines - We still wait for good information

 

   It is nearly 20 years since the Colorado legislature passed HB 07-1118. It is over five years since the Graduation Guidelines went into effect (2021-22). And yet we still have little good data to show how our students are meeting the new guidelines. Who knows if we have fulfilled the goals of that 2007 legislation?

   With the new Guidelines in place, graduation rates have improved every year, reaching a new high in 2025 of 85.6%, when over 60,000 students graduated. However, we have no evidence that tells us these seniors met the standard as defined in our Graduation Guidelines:

FROM the Menu of College and Career-Ready Demonstrations:

Students must demonstrate readiness for college and career based on at least one measure in Reading, Writing and Communicating, and one measure in Mathematics.”[i]

   That we know so little today is confounding. In April of 2023 Another View made the first of several data requests to the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). I also asked: when would the State Board of Education see a public report on the new Graduation Guidelines? Although CDE has offered several assurances of such an update, it has never happened.

 

“The Colorado State Board of Education is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and updating Colorado’s High School Graduation Guidelines and for providing information to districts and the public on students’ college and career readiness.” 

Colorado High School Graduation Guidelines Adopted by the State Board of Education, May 2013. [ii]

 

   Given the lack of information available, Another View has raised concerns. First, in Sept. 2023, “Colorado’s new Graduation Guidelines – early warning signs that they fall short” (AV #263). More recent newsletters have tried to show that the expectations for several options in the Guidelines have lowered the bar to graduation in Colorado.[iii] Last winter AV #295 raised doubts about the clarity and rigor in the expectations for three options: Industry Certificates, District Capstones, and ACT WorkKeys. (Included there: examples of the low bar in a WorkKeys Practice Test, see Endnotes.[iv])

   AV #305 presents what CDE sent me in response to this year’s data request: Addendum A. It gives us a four-year picture and hard numbers around the (eleven) Menu of Options available to students to “earn” a high school degree. Though helpful, basic questions are still unanswered.

   It does not tell us how many students use each of the eleven options.

   Nor does it tell us what skills and knowledge students must demonstrate in each of the options.    

   We might feel confident about a high school degree earned when students meet a nationally accepted minimum score on assessments, as is the case with the SAT, ACT, Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and ASVAB. But until we have more clarity on what students are actually demonstrating on Industry Certificates and District Capstones (with no state standard; satisfactory results are “district determined”[v]), we cannot be confident that our ever-rising graduation rates tell a good story. Ditto for those students who only score at the Bronze level on ACT WorkKeys—a level deemed insufficient in several other states. 

Data the state cannot give us – but one district can

   It would be enlightening, it might even be shocking, if CDE provided solid evidence showing how many Colorado graduates—the number and/or a rough percentage of them—are using each of the eleven options in order to meet our new Graduation Guidelines. What if thousands of our 60,000 graduates “earned” a degree in 2025 using one of the three options that appear to lower the bar? Would we be OK with that?

   CDE insists it does not have and cannot present this kind of information for the state.


27J Schools – Menu of Options

Graduating class of 2025

 

English (Reading & Writing)

Industry Certificate – 43.1%

SAT – 37.7%

ACT WorkKeys – 29.3%

ASVAB - 29.1%

AP – 26.1%

Concurrent Enrollment – 17.6%

Capstone - 14.5%

NOTE: Students can use more than one option to meet the Guidelines.

   But one Colorado district, 27J Schools, has provided exactly this kind of data for four years, 2022-2025. Note the top options used for graduation in 2025 – see box. (Details in Addendum B.) A contrast with what Commissioner of Education Susana Córdova told Jenny Brundin of Colorado Public Radio (Jan. 2025). Córdova said that, across the state, the SAT, Concurrent Enrollment, and District Capstones were the top three ways students were proving they were ready to graduate.

   I followed up. Did CDE now have good numbers? (I was hopeful. At last!) But as Addendum C shows, CDE was unable to provide data supporting Córdova’s assertion. Again, Addendum A indicates CDE does not have such data.)


Math

Industry Certificate – 43.1%

ACT WorkKeys – 29.3%

ASVAB – 29.1%

SAT – 24.0%

AP – 16.3%

Capstone – 14.5%

Concurrent Enrollment –  9.2%

   In which case, perhaps more districts can follow the lead of 27J Schools. It may be all we can hope for now. Let districts gather this kind of information and share it with their community. Let mom and dad and the public know how their students are meeting the new Graduation Guidelines.

   It would be an act of transparency. And it would be brave. For it might distress many to see the number of students using the Industry Certificate, District Capstone, and ACT WorkKeys, as a way to graduate.

   But how good it would be if it leads to important conversations about what it means to earn a high school diploma in Colorado. And what we can do to raise the bar.


 

Addendum A

Report from Colorado Department of Education –

Graduated Guidelines – Menu of Options – “Reported Records”

   Responding to a data request from Another View, on May 14, 2026, CDE provided a document with lots of data, for all four years (2022-2025), around two categories:

Graduation Ranking by Quantity of Districts Reporting (Highest to Lowest)

and

Graduation Ranking by Quantity of Reported Records (Highest to Lowest)

   The two rankings were often similar, so Another View will just summarize the data from the Quantity of Reported Records.

   Uncertain as to what was meant by “Reported Records,” I asked CDE for clarification. See the exchange under the first box with the 2021-22 figures. It became clear what these percentages do not tell us.

   There is no breakdown related to English versus Math assessments as this information is not about the percentage or number of students who are meeting expectations in order to graduate.

   On April 28, 2026, CDE sent me this note on what it could and could not provide:    (Bold mine)

“… we can provide an updated version of the data that CDE previously provided (the rankings of guidelines by quantity of reported records). We cannot provide the number and/or percentage of high school graduates meeting grad guidelines with a breakdown of which of the 11 options they met to satisfy the state’s expectations. This is because the constraints we previously shared about the data (that the data CDE receives only confirms a student has met math and English requirements in some way, but CDE isn’t able to determine which specific pathways the districts used to confirm which options were used to meet the requirements) remain today. The purpose of CDE’s collection of the data is simply to validate a student has met requirements – not to report out the number of students who have met which requirements – and therefore CDE doesn’t collect data in a manner that allows us to do so.”

Graduation Guidelines File Summary

Guidelines Ranked by Quantity of Reported Records (Highest to Lowest)

2021-22

Rank

Guideline name

Percent of Total Reported 

  Graduation Guidelines Records

1

SAT

29.8

2

District Capstone

21.4

3

Concurrent Enrollment

15.9

4

Advanced Placement

7.2

5

Accuplacer (all subjects)

6.9

6

Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)

6.3

7

ACT WorkKeys

6.3

8

Industry Certificate

3.1

9

ACT

2.7

10

Collaboratively Developed Standards-Based Performance Assessment

0.1

11

International Baccalaureate

0.1

Clarification. Exchange with CDE. (I wanted to be sure I understood what these figures meant. I was slow to grasp the meaning, but CDE was patient with me, and I am grateful.)

PH to CDE: That data under Percent of Total Reported Graduation Guidelines Records for all eleven options totals 100%. So does this mean 29.8% of high school graduates that year (2021-22) met the Guidelines using their SAT score? [I was unclear how to read that 29.8% figure.]                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

CDE: “… we are NOT saying that the data indicates students who met their graduation requirement specifically with SAT, or any other one of the measures….     

                                                                                                                                                                                (Bold mine)                                     “… 29.8% of the records reported to CDE in 2021-2022 for students in grades 9-12 were for students who attempted a SAT guideline. Measures can be reported regardless of the score meeting or not meeting the benchmark for that guideline. Please note there may have been other guidelines reported for those students as well. The number of records is not equivalent to the number of graduates, but rather the guidelines reported to CDE for that school year. This could include students who attempted a guideline prior to their year of graduation as well as multiple guidelines per student.”

PH to CDE: Can you confirm this data (on all the options) is not saying what % of graduates met the Guidelines using each option?

CDE: Correct. This data DOES NOT tell us the percentage of graduates who met their graduation guidelines requirement with a specific measure. It only shows the distribution of reported measures within a specific school year, regardless of the student’s status as a graduate or a younger student who attempted a measure in preparation for graduating in a future year, and regardless of whether or not the measure reported met the minimum cut score for that measure.” 

   “Students may meet their minimum graduation requirements in one or many ways, and it could be reported at any point in their high school career. The data is not collected or stored in a manner to support the calculation referenced below.” 

   The data provided for this request and your prior request of 2021-2022 data all have these same parameters.”


2022-23

Rank

Guideline name

Percent of Total Reported 

Graduation Guidelines Records

1

SAT

29.0

2

District Capstone

18.7

3

Concurrent Enrollment

16.8

4

ACT WorkKeys

10.8

5

Accuplacer (all subjects)

7.1

6

Advanced Placement

6.2

7

Armed Services (ASVAB)

5.7

8

Industry Certificate

4.1

9

ACT

1.3

10

International Baccalaureate (IB)

0.1

11

Collaboratively Developed Standards-Based Performance Assessment

0.1

 

2023-24

Rank

Guideline name

Percent of Total Reported

Graduation Guidelines Records

1

SAT

27.0

2

District Capstone

19.6

3

Concurrent Enrollment

19.4

4

ACT WorkKeys

7.8

5

Advanced Placement

7.5

6

Accuplacer (all subjects)

6.8

7

Armed Services VAB (ASVAB)

5.3

8

Industry Certificate

4.8

9

ACT

1.4

10

International Baccalaureate

0.2

11

Collaboratively Developed Standards-Based Performance Assessment

0.1

 

2024-25

Rank

Guideline name

Percent of Total Reported

Graduation Guidelines Records

1

SAT

25.6

2

Concurrent Enrollment

18.7

3

District Capstone

17.6

4

ACT WorkKeys

10.5

5

Accuplacer

8.0

6

Advanced Placement

7.9

7

Armed Services VAB (ASVAB)

5.5

8

Industry Certificate

5.0

9

ACT

0.9

10

International Baccalaureate

0.2

11

Collaboratively Developed Standards-Based Performance Assessment

0.1

 

   The following was also included in CDE’s report.

Graduation Guidelines File Overview

Graduation Guidelines (CG)

  In order to graduate high school, students must demonstrate postsecondary and workforce readiness in at least one measure in Reading, Writing, and Communicating and one measure in Mathematics according to the Graduation Guidelines Menu of Options.  Local school boards have embedded the state Graduation Guidelines into their graduation requirements. 

Reporting Graduation Guidelines

  For each graduating student, districts and LEPs must report in the Graduation Guidelines File at least one measure each for Reading/Writing/Communicating and Mathematics, at or above the minimum benchmark for that measure, based on the cut points outlined on the Graduation Guidelines file layout and the Graduation Guidelines Menu of Options.
  When reporting GG information, districts have the option to report the minimum required information for graduating students, or additional information on any student who attempted a GG measure. 

The Graduation Guidelines File

   The purpose of the Graduation Guidelines file is to record student outcomes that CDE must use to calculate and report, per C.R.S. 22-11-204(4), including the percentage of students who have graduated, having met minimum standards in the state board’s graduation guidelines menu of options established pursuant to C.R.S. 22-2-106 (1) (a.5).
  This file is a required component of the Student End of Year (SEY) data collection as of the 2020-2021 school year when GG went into effect.
 

Reported Graduation Guidelines Records 

   The Graduation Guidelines data in this workbook reflects the reported Graduation Guidelines measures within the given school year independent of students counted as graduates. This means that the data in the file may include students in grades 9-12 if the district submitted results for them. Thus, the results are broader than just the 4-year graduating class of the reporting school year.
   This data includes both the minimum required information districts included for graduating students and any additional information they chose to report (i.e., measures for students not yet graduating, multiple records for students, etc.) Total percent (%) of reported Graduation Guidelines records is based on the quantity of student records reported in the school year.
 

 

Addendum B

27J Schools – reporting on the Menu of Options – 2022-2025

1.          Menu of Options used by Graduates of the Class of 2025

  This is a summary of the report 27J Schools presented to its Board of Education on Feb. 26, 2026. The full report included data from each high school. (See 27J Schools - Board of Education https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gmxv7zhInJDOz0IhGnrHx0kWtRCJ-6xoST7rUfXhSag/edit?tab=t.0)

Number and percentage of 27J students who “demonstrated competency”

on these various options in Colorado’s Graduation Guidelines.

Option*

ENGLISH (Reading & Writing)

 

Number

Percentage (out of 1,777 graduates)

Industry Certificate

765

43.1%

SAT

669

37.7%

ACT WorkKeys

520

29.3%

ASVAB

517

29.1%

AP – Eng.

463

26.1%

Concurrent Enrollment – Eng.

313

17.6%

Capstone

258

14.5%

                  Total

3,505

 

27J’s summary notes: “100% of 27J graduates completed an approved college and career demonstration. Many completed more than one demonstration.”

 

Option*

MATH

 

Number

Percentage

Industry Certificate

765

43.1%

ACT WorkKeys

520

29.3%

ASVAB

517

29.1%

SAT

426

24.0%

AP - Math

253

16.3%

Capstones

258

14.5%

Concurrent Enrollment - Math

164

9.2%

                 Total

2,903 – roughly 600 fewer students demonstrated competency in Math than in English. Compare scores for the SAT, AP, and Concurrent Enrollment.

See above for why the total here is much greater than the number of 27J students who graduated in 2025 – 1,777.

* The district does not offer three of the 11 options among the state’s Menu of Options: Accuplacer, International Baccalaureate, and the Collaboratively Developed, Standards-Based Performance Assessment. The ACT option is also not listed above; if students choose, they can use the ACT to demonstrate they have met the Graduation Guidelines.

 

2.      Graduates of 27J Schools – 2022-2025

Data reported over four years since the new Graduation Guidelines went into effect.

[NOTE: Sincere thanks to 27J Schools for sharing and discussing these annual reports with me.]

   27J Schools has presented and shared data for each of the first four years with the new Graduation Guidelines. It created similar reports to the one you see, above, for 2022, 2023, and 2024.

   As the district has made some changes in its annual reporting, it tells me that data for 2024 and for 2025 are “not to be directly comparable to previous years.”

   Below, my summary of what 27J Schools has reported on the number and percentage of students using the various options in the new Graduation Guidelines.

 

 

ENGLISH (Reading and Writing)

 

2022

2023

2024

2025

1

SAT – 44.34%

Indust. Certif. – 51.02%

Indust. Certif.- 49.81%

Industry Certificate – 43.1%

2

 ACT WorkKeys - 40.93%

ACT WorkKeys – 40.50%

*SAT – 38.87%

*SAT – 37.7%

3

Indust. Certif.-   36.62%

SAT – 35.11%

ACT WorkKeys – 38.09%

ACT WorkKeys – 29.3%

4

AP – 33.36%

Concur. Enroll. – 27.47%

AP – 32.97%

ASVAB - 29.1%

5

ASVAB – 23.11%

AP – 23.55%

Concur. Enroll. – 25.99%

AP – 26.1%

6

Concur. Enroll. – 22.13%

ASVAB – 22.07%

ASVAB – 16.68%

**Capstone – 14.5%

7

**Capstone – 9.68%

**Capstone – 7.36%

**Capstone –  7.99%   

Concurrent Enroll. – 17.6%

 

 

MATH 

 

2022

2023

2024

2025

1

ACT WorkKeys – 40.93%

Indust. Certif. – 51.02%

Indust. Certif. – 49.81%

Industry Certificate – 43.1%

2

Indust. Certif. -  36.62%

ACT WorkKeys – 40.50%

ACT WorkKeys – 38.09%

ACT WorkKeys – 29.3%

3

SAT – 30.59%

ASVAB – 22.07%

*SAT – 22.58%

ASVAB – 29.1%

4

ASVAB – 23.11%

SAT – 20.39%

ASVAB – 16.68%

*SAT – 24.0%

5

Concur. Enroll. – 13.02%

Concur. Enroll. – 16.96%

Concur. Enroll. – 15.75%

AP – 16.3%

6

AP – 10.01%

AP – 16.12%

AP – 11.33%

Capstone - 14.5%

7

Capstone – 9.68%

Capstone – 7.36%

Capstone –  7.99%

Concurrent Enroll. – 9.2%  

*SAT scores in 2024 and 2025. 27J Schools sent me this comment (February 2026):

“… regarding the SAT, it is important to note that due to changes in the assessment format and the introduction of new item types in 2024, these results serve as a new baseline. Because of these structural shifts, the 2024 data is not directly comparable to previous years.”

 

** Capstones in 27J - From 2022 - 2024 27J Schools recorded fewer than 10% of students used District Capstones. 27J Schools does not allow its district-managed schools to use this option. The district’s leadership determined it did not believe that Capstone projects would demonstrate college readiness.[vi] But this option is permitted in its charter schools. It is also used for a small number of Special Needs students. 

   The percentage using District Capstones increased in 2025. The district explains:

Most of these numbers are from charter school students, which we have limited oversight over. We did have some small numbers of students from each of our high schools use this demonstration as well, and this number reflects students who transferred from outside of 27J schools who brought this demonstration with them.”    


(COMMENT: Given 27J’s concerns about District Capstones, it would be helpful to learn how many districts have made a similar decision, and why. See Roaring Fork’s position as reported in AV #295.[vii])

 

The four-year picture – an overview 

       Accepting the caveat that 27J’s data are not comparable from year to year, four observations.

 

1.     From the Menu of Options, the Industry Certificate has been used by the largest percent of 27J students to “demonstrate readiness for college and career.” 

2.     Overall, after the Industry Certificate, the ACT WorkKeys has been the most frequently used option by 27J students, especially to meet expectations in Math.

3.     Over these four years the SAT has been among the top two options to meet expectations in Reading and Writing; nearly 40% of students have met expectations on the SAT-English assessment.

4.     The SAT, closely followed by ASVAB, have been the 3rd and 4th most frequently used options to meet expectations in Math. 

 

Addendum C 

An effort to learn what data CDE could provide

(Also reveals when such a pursuit can test the patience of a state agency.

In the end, CDE provided what it could.) 

   In January 2025 Colorado Public Radio reported on the 2024 graduation rates. CPR’s Jenny Brundin spoke with Commissioner of Education Susana Córdova, who referred to the “top three ways…” Colorado students were earning their high school degree. Brundin wrote:

 

"As alternatives to using SAT scores for high school graduation, students can use industry certifications, a test that helps determine a student’s eligibility for a career in the military, a capstone project, or International Baccalaureate exam scores, among others." 


"The top three ways Coloraod students are demonstrating that they are ready for graduation are via the SAT, enrolling in college classes, and a final capstone project."  


"'It's (a capstone project) aligned to the skills that are required both for academic purposes but also for work-based purposes,' said Córdova."

  

(“More Colorado high school students are graduating, and fewer are dropping out,” by Jenny Brundin. Colorado Public Radio, Jan. 22, 2025.) https://www.cpr.org/2025/01/22/more-colorado-high-school-students-are-graduating-and-fewer-are-dropping-out/


      Following up – communication with CDE (winter 2025 to spring 2026)

   I wrote Danielle Ongart, Assistant Commissioner at CDE, to see if this “top three” list meant there was now data available to support this assertion. Was there a new report, I wondered. “If this data has not been released,” I wrote, “can you now make it available?”

   The initial response came from Jeremy Meyer, Director of Communications, on Jan. 29, 2025:

CDE does collect the measurements from districts but there are a lot of caveats around that data:

  • Districts may report measures in multiple ways. Some choose to report only those who complete, others will report those who attempt to complete, and others say only those who met the benchmark.
  • We do not calculate the statistics based on the specific measure that was used for a student at the point they graduated because it would require placing a priority on a specific measure. 
  • We ensure that every graduating student has met math and English in some manner. Some will have multiple reported pathways where they meet the graduation guidelines requirement, and some will have only the minimum requirement of a single pathway.

            These are the rankings based upon 2023-2024 reported GG measures:

 

Guidelines Ranked by the Quantity of Reported Records (Highest to Lowest, all grades)

 

SAT

District Capstone

Concurrent Enrollment

ACT WorkKeys

Advanced Placement

Accuplacer (all subtest)

Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)

Industry Certificate

ACT

International Baccalaureate (IB)

Collaboratively Developed, Standards-Based Performance Assessment

 

Guidelines Ranked by the Quantity of Districts reporting the Pathway (Highest to Lowest, at least one reported record in the district)

 

SAT

District Capstone

Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)

Concurrent Enrollment

Accuplacer (all subtest)

ACT WorkKeys

Industry Certificate

Advanced Placement

ACT

International Baccalaureate (IB)

Collaboratively Developed, Standards-Based Performance Assessment

 

   I then wrote to Danielle Ongart. I commented that the information Jeremy Meyer had sent “speaks of rankings, but it has no data, no numbers to support CDE's ranking. I am still looking for this data.”

   I referred to the quote from CPR: "The top three ways Colorado students are demonstrating ..." 

   I wrote: “I don't see how CDE can report a top three, or rank the 11 options, without data.”

   Ongart responded on Feb. 4, 2025:

 

Our Graduation Guidelines Menu of Options data collection includes the information we need to determine if students meet minimum graduation guidelines but does not include complete student-level graduation data. Given that the data does not provide a full picture (i.e.: it would not “stand alone”), we have not historically released it. 

   I replied (and copied to the Commissioner, Meyer, and others at CDE) on Feb. 6, 2025:

    “An exchange with Danielle {Ongart] last fall revealed to her why I am concerned that CDE has yet to provide the State Board a full picture of how the Graduation Guidelines are working. For anyone who has heard serious questions about the value of the Capstone projects - see my newsletter #264 (October 2023) - the possibility that this option is among ‘the top three ways students are demonstrating’ they are ready to graduate - is alarming. I hope it is not true.”

   This exchange ended there.

**

   In April 2026 I made a second request for this information. I referred to what had been sent in 2025.

 “I am seeking data on the number and/or percent of high school graduates meeting our Graduation Guidelines, with a breakdown on which of the 11 options they met to satisfy the state’s expectations.

 “An exchange with the Commissioner and with Danielle Ongart and Jeremy Meyer in Jan/Feb 2025 provided some helpful information but no data.

 “As the Graduation Guidelines have been in place for four years, I trust data has been gathered and can be made available to the public.”

 

[I noted that one district (27J) has provided this data for several years and included it in my email.]

In May 2026 CDE responded with the data summarized in Addendum A.


Endnotes


[i] Colorado Department of Education, Menu of Options, https://ed.cde.state.co.us/postsecondary/graduationguidelines/grad-menu 

[ii] From:Colorado State Board of Education Ongoing Responsibilities,” Colorado High School Graduation Guidelines Adopted by the State Board of Education, May 2013, page 7. https://www.cde.state.co.us/postsecondary/graduation-guidelines

[iii] AV#263 - Colorado’s new graduation guidelines – early warning signs that they fall short, Part 1, Sept 2023

AV #264 - Colorado’s new graduation guidelines – early warning signs that they fall short, Part 2, Oct. 2023

AV#294 Since the Colorado State Board of Education is responsible for our Graduation Guidelines, it is high time for a review, Dec. 2025

AV#295 - Towards a review of Colorado’s Graduation Guidelines in 2026 – three concerns, Jan. 2026

AV#303 – When we lower the bar to graduation, guess what? Graduation rates rise, July 2026

[iv] From an ACT WorkKeys Practice Test. Sample questions at the Bronze level:

Math Level 3 (Bronze level)

1)     Camp Copeland ordered 20 cases of eggs. There are one dozen (12) eggs in each case. How many eggs were ordered all together?

a.       240

b.       120

c.       180

d.       200

                        e.     32

2)     Nora spent 2 hours and 30 minutes on the train. How many total minutes did she spend on the train?

a.       160

b.       230

c.       138

d.        60

e.       150Contact Us

3)     Ellie is in the process of selling 33 collectible dolls. The first week she sells 12 dolls. The second week she sells another 7 dolls. How many dolls remain?

a.      21

b.      13

c.      14

d.      28

e.      24

(WorkKeys Practice Test – Applied Math Level 3 - https://workkeyspracticetest.com/quizzes/applied-math-level-3/)

[v] Graduation Guidelines, Menu of Options and College-Ready Demonstrations, CDE, https://www.cde.state.co.us/postsecondary/graduationguidelinesmenuofoptionspdf

[vi] From AV #295 (Jan. 2025):

A school leader in District 27J explained their reluctance: “The Capstones I’ve seen only required a signature from a department chair, who reviews the classes the student had taken and passed in high school, and said that was enough to ‘earn’ the student a passing mark.” This long-time educator asked the question for me: “Are the students prepared for college? No.” And added: “I want some proof.”

[vii] From AV #295 (Jan. 2025)

Roaring Fork expects students to produce a Capstone project, and yet, as the district’s former Superintendent Rob Stein wrote me, it is not a measure of graduation readiness.” Instead, it is a course requirement. He expanded: “Our capstone was a way for students to demonstrate that they could identify a question or goal of their own choosing, pursue it with some discipline, and present their learning to an appropriate audience. So it was a demonstration of the kind of college readiness that schools mostly avoid: figuring out what you're interested in and going for it.”

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